Why Evolution Is True Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Why Evolution Is True - Term Paper Example The underlying part of this book uncovers how Coyne fundamentally characterizes every catchphrase basic in the transformative hypothesis. A captivating finding is the creator just characterizes development as change after some time. This methodology is assorted from the way different authors have given various implications to the term ‘evolution. Taking a gander at a few articles, different essayists have characterized development as change in allele recurrence after some time, adequacy of neo-Darwinian instrument for example change, float, and determination, and the all inclusive normal family. With the way Coyne has clarified the term ‘evolution, perusers can see plainly the term, this is as opposed to the way different authors who have handled the development have confounded perusers. This doesn't imply that the creator questions the way that allele recurrence change over a given time period, likewise,, he doesn't differ on the idea of normal determination in the advan cement procedure. As per my own comprehension, Coyne has grasped the idea of regular heritage, along these lines this out-rules any disputable issue (Coyne, 2009). In this section, the key focuses spin around reality of gradualism and common choice, just as transformations to represent the decent variety throughout everyday life. In this part, Coyne proceeds to guard regular parentage as an establishment of advancement. This part manages fossil proof as a segment of normal family line. In the underlying piece of this section, the creator diagrams the procedure of fossilization. He likewise gives a prologue to radioisotope dating strategies; helpful in approximating the hour of life of rocks. The creator proceeds to state that fossil information essentially shows a pattern of more straightforward living creatures going before progressively complex ones. This is an ideal proof of basic family line (Coyne, 2009). This section covers three developmental advances that were reported by the fossil record. They are the development of

How to solve the Cost Crisis in Health Care Essay

The most effective method to tackle the Cost Crisis in Health Care - Essay Example To the extent the issue of estimating the expense of human services is concerned, the position taken by Kaplan and Porter will be concurred with since information on the cost makes it conceivable to decide if an individual is getting an incentive for cash from social insurance consumption (Harris and Lenox, 2013). In its present structure, the United States human services framework can be supposed to be experiencing a cost emergency that comprises of both a framework that is wrongly estimated and one that is excessively troubled on administration clients. In the assessment of Moran (2013) in any case, the most ideal approach to handle the issue of cost emergency is to move toward it from a progressively orderly point of view where the genuine quantum of cost put into the framework can be found. From this position, the contention of Kaplan and Porter on the requirement for social insurance cost to encounter cost decrease intercessions will be concurred with. Be that as it may, as the creators themselves noted, it will be increasingly imperative to know the genuine estimation of cost engaged with medicinal services conveyance. This is on the grounds that any type of hurry to definitely decreasing expense in the framework may just be a way the entire nation might be burrowing its own entire towar ds the gathering of a badly financed and in this manner a poor social insurance framework (Ginter, Duncan and Swayne,

Beowulf vs Hercules(Disney) Who is a better hero? Essay

What is the meaning of a genuine legend? Numerous individuals have been considered legends for a wide range of reasons. Both Hercules and Beowulf have both been viewed as saints. Beowulf was an incredible warrior who lived in the hour of the Vikings. Beowulf ventured to every part of the substance of the earth battling beasts and monsters looking for cash and notoriety. Hercules was likewise an incredible warrior however he lived during the hour of the Greek divine beings. Hercules was brought into the world a divine being nevertheless he was taken as a newborn child and transformed into a human by his dads foe, Hades. Hercules held his supernatural quality and now he should substantiate himself a legend. This is the main way he would have the option to rejoin with his group of divine beings. In the Disney energized film â€Å"Hercules† the character is a far more prominent legend than the character Beowulf from the epic sonnet â€Å"Beowulf† in light of the fact that h e had to a greater degree a craving to be a saint, he faced his conflicts with better thought processes, and he had more grounded fellowships in his sidekicks. Beowulf’s want to be a saint had for the most part narrow minded reasons. In one of Beowulf’s speaches he states, â€Å"Let me live in significance and fortitude, or here in this corridor, welcome my death.† In spite of the fact that this may sound courageous, he demonstrates how he needs to be a saint to pick up distinction. This shows he is more stressed over his own picture than the individuals he intends to secure. Beowulf additionally says, â€Å"My master Higlac may consider less me on the off chance that I let my blade go where my feet were apprehensive to.† Any warrior, regardless of how respectable, realizes he should have points of interest over their adversary to win and appearing at fight without legitimate hardware is a moronic activity. This shows how he is more stressed over his own picture than the wellbeing of the individuals. In Beowulf’s demise discourse he stated, â€Å"I sold my life for this fortune, and sold it well.† He doesn't make reference to the individuals he spared, just the fortunes he picked up. This shows his objectives in life are material. A people wants to be a legend ought to have more significance than a people inner self and mat erial riches. Hercules’ want to be a legend has substantially more importance than Beowulf’s. For instance, when he discovers he should demonstrate himself a legend to have the option to rejoin with his family, he sings, â€Å"I will beat the chances, I can go all the way. I will confront the world, valiant, pleased and strong†¦ until I discover my saints invite right where I belong.† This shows he realizes he should endeavor to substantiate himself a legend yet is eager to take the necessary steps. At the point when Hercules is attempting to convince an extraordinary coach to prepare him he asks, â€Å"Haven’t you at any point had a fantasy, something you needed so awful you would do anything.† This shows he is eager to successfully turn into a saint and rejoin with his family. He additionally clarifies, â€Å"I am not quite the same as the different folks, I can go the distance.† This shows how he is certain that, under the correct preparing, has the stuff to turn into a legend. He realizes that others have let the coach down previously, and realizes that he is not the same as every one of them. Hercules’ want to be a saint originates from inside himself like the longing to rejoin with his family and to demonstrate to everyone, particularly himself, that he is a genuine legend. Beowulf’s thought processes in battling were for the most part outward and egotistical. For Example, Beowulf is told â€Å"Purge Herot and your boat will cruise home with its fortune holds full.† This shows Beowulf’s inspiration for the fight to come originates from the material award of fortune. An individual in the sonnet named Unforth contended about the intenti ons of one of Beowulf’s past fights and clarified how â€Å"all more seasoned and more shrewd heads cautioned you not to do as such, yet nobody could check such (Beowulf’s) pride.† This shows how Beowulf’s pride is solid to the point that it can maneuver him into fight. He believed he expected to demonstrate to everybody how extraordinary of a warrior he was by facing a silly conflict. A genuine legend ought to be persuaded naturally by the smugness of helping other people and accomplishing individual objectives. Hercules’ thought processes in his fights are considerably more brave than those of Beowulf’s. For example, when he finds a maid in trouble, he put his life at risk to spare her and winds up becoming hopelessly enamored with her. This shows how he isn't worried about his own security as long as he is out to ensure another. Likewise, when the Titans are engaging with the divine beings on Mt. Olympus, he puts forth an admirable attempt to spare his dad and individual divine beings. He realizes that in the event that he doesn't take on this conflict the world will be taken over by an abhorrent god. This shows he faces his conflicts for more prominent causes than material wealth and to help his self image. Companions are particularly significant in each body life, and particularly one of a saint. In Beowulf’s missions he never observed the significance of companionship. This made him a more fragile warrior and at last prompted his demise. For instance, in one of his fights he looked as â€Å"Grendel grabbed at the first Geat, he came to, tore him apart†¦Drank the blood from his veins†¦Death and Grendel’s teeth came together.† This shows Beowulf is eager to permit a foe to butcher one of his men to make sure he can make the fight simpler for himself. He doesn't esteem the life of anybody however his own. The quality of the bonds he had with his friends demonstrated when â€Å"None of his confidants came to him, helped him. His fearless and respectable devotees ran for their lives. This shows he never substantiated himself as a sufficient ally to his companions and they felt that their life was more critical to spare than Beowulf’s. In the event that he had thought progressively about others, they may have thought increasingly about him. Hercules thought about many, which prompted numerous solid fellowships. Building solid associations with others was significant in Hercules’ mission to turn into a saint. For instance, Hercules turned out to be old buddies with his mentor. At a certain point when Hercules was down and wanted to surrender, his coach let him know, â€Å"I’m ready to go all the way. How ’bout you.† This shows his mentor thought about him and would not let Hercules abandon his objec tive. His mentor could have additionally quite recently surrendered at that point, yet their kinship helped them two accomplish their objectives. Another relationship Hercules had was with one of his foes slaves named Meg. Meg gave her life to spare Hercules and when inquired as to why she did it, she reacted, â€Å"People consistently do insane things when they are in love.† Hercules’ companionship with Meg spared his life. This shows Hercules’ companions thought about him so much they would give their own life for his. Hercules likewise was happy to give his life to get Meg back. He discovered Meg in the Sea of the Dead in the black market. He realized that to spare her, he should get her out, and in doing so would execute himself. At the point when he went in to get her, it demonstrated he was a genuine legend and he turned into an undying god. At the point when he was inquired as to why he did it, he reacted, â€Å"People consistently do insane things when they are in love.† This indicated their affection was common, and they would do anything for one another. Despite the fact that he attempted so to be a divine being, he chosen to go through his time on earth on earth as a human with Meg. Toward the finish of the film â€Å"Hercules†, Hercules’ father clarified, â€Å"A genuine saint isn't estimated by the size of his quality, yet the quality of his heart.†Although Beowulf indicated that he was a ground-breaking warrior he never substantiated himself a genuine legend. Hercules’ substantiated himself a genuine companion, battled for the correct reasons, and wanted to be a legend, which were completely expected to substantiate himself a genuine saint. Numerous individuals today are viewed as a legend for straightforward things like being respected by numerous or being an incredible athlete. Being a genuine saint takes substantially more than these things, by and by, â€Å"A genuine legend isn't estimated by the size of his quality, yet by the quality of his heart.†

Pre-hospital care interventions for head injuries - 825 Words

Pre-hospital care interventions for head injuries (Essay Sample) Content: PRE-HOSPITAL CARE INTERVENTIONS FOR HEAD INJURIESBy Students NameCode+ course nameProfessors nameUniversity nameCity, StateDate IntroductionPrehospital emergency care is the care given to patients with severe head injury to reduce possible secondary brain insults. It is aimed at reducing hypoxemia and hypotension as well as monitoring neurologic status including clinical assessment of intracranial pressure (ICP). The interval between brain injury and the arrival of the patient at the medical facility is an important time for brain. Basic and advanced life support has been employed to improve survival of the patient with head injury. Several researches have been done to explain the existence of these therapies.Among the studies dealt with in this paper are:Priorities for pediatric prehospital researchInfluence of prehospital treatment on the outcome of patients with severe blunt traumatic brain injuryLack of emergency medical services documentation is associated with p oor patient outcomesPriorities for pediatric prehospital research by Foltin G et al.Basic prehospital trauma care is provided at the community level by those trained in principles of trauma care known as basic life support. Advance life support is normally done at the care centers. It is however expensive and generally employed on the critically injured victims. Studies show that about five million people die due to injuries that arise from road accidence, self-inflicted injuries and interpersonal violence injuries. This article entails skills, supplies and equipment that will enable lay people and health care providers to assess, stabilize and transport injured victims to the facilities that provide definitive care. It describes an effective and sustainable approach to the prehospital trauma care which will increase the likelihood that severely injured patients survive and reach the nearest hospital or other health-care setting.The work also details the essential and desired compon ents of an effective prehospital trauma care system. The document can, therefore, be used of minimum elements of an effective system of prehospital care for the injured patients. As a future registered nurse, I hope this information is of great importance as far as the establishment of prehospital care is concerned.This information was gathered through several case studies in Ghana, Thailand and the USA by the World Health Organization (WHO). The document in itself greatly helped me understood the role of health work force like volunteer workers at the emergency stations and community health workers who are trained on the short-term basis. The research has motivated me in boldly approaching my future career as a neurosurgeon.Influence of prehospital treatment on the outcome of patients with severe blunt traumatic brain injury by Berlot G et alThis article was aimed at determining whether prehospital advance life support improves the survival of major trauma patients and whether it i s associated with the longer on-scene times.Study of patients who received either prehospital bag-valve-mask (BVM) or endotrachial intubation (ETI) revealed that 5.3% had either BVM or ETI, 81% received BVM, with a mean injury severity score of 29% and mortality rate of 67%; 93 patients (19%) underwent successful ETI with a mean Injury Severity Score of 35% and a mortality rate of 93% (Berlot et al. 2009 p. 312). Survival for the patients who had BVM was 5.3 times more than those with ETI. Application of the logistic regression model compared to mean on-scene times for the BVM and ETI was very useful and resourceful in gathering the information in this document.It was thus concluded that ALS procedures can be performed by paramedics on trauma patients without prolonging on-scene time, but do not improve survival (Berlot et al. 2009, p. 317). It was found that although success rate of ETI without paralytic agents was only 50 to 60%, ETI decreases mortality. The work has motivated me in boldly approaching my future career as a neurosurgeon. Lack of emergency medical services documentation is associated with poor patient outcomes by Laudermilch DJ et al.This article majored on the management tools in the field as avoidance of hypoxemia and hypotension; giving hypertonic saline; administering of neuroprotecti...

Cambridge Tourism Strategy Action Plan Free Essay Example, 2000 words

The Cambridge city plan for improving tourism is aimed at enhancing the quality of services, readily accessible and sustainable as well. Cambridge city provision of quality services has continually been improving. This is to ensure that the visitors stay comfortably and would like to return again. The quality is to meet the clients expectations and not necessarily luxury as many people believe. Over 2001, the Cambridge city council has been looking for partners and working in collaboration with them in developing strategies that are consistent with the vision of the city and leaving clients satisfied (Page Connell 2006). The most notable is the so-called community strategy which has long term objectives to be accomplished. The attraction facilities, good public relations/ customer relation and the value for money form the quality tourism services. Good quality is being awarded to everybody in terms of good accommodation, increased range of attraction facilities, and language schoo ls. Marketing the city attractive sites throughout the year is very expensive and very demanding. The historic city has intrinsic attractions which visitors come to see. Marketing policy has been established by the definition of the city and not entirely dependent on the advertisement. We will write a custom essay sample on Cambridge Tourism Strategy Action Plan or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page It s been established that sustainability cannot just be achieved but requires that marketing be done the way it's being done in the most effective way and through partnering.

The Brave New World By Aldous Huxley - 952 Words

Truth vs. Happiness â€Å"If one’s different, one’s bound to be lonely†(Huxley 90), stated the savage John in Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley . In this novel, the government banned all kinds of human truth like friendship, love, books, and any emotions. The citizen cannot know the truth, because if they found out the truth, they will not trust science and the government. The citizens are fed with lies in order for the government to keep them happy and distracted from the truth, but it’s not real happiness. The Resident world controller Mustapha Mond says happiness is more important, when actually the truth is; the citizens are brainwashed with lies and told to take soma. In this essay we’ll be discussing about the isolation and compatibility of truth vs. happiness. To have a utopian society in Brave New World the government achieves a state of stability, and gets rid of freedom. The government places the citizens in a caste system before they are even born and in the test tube alcohol is injected. Babies aren’t naturally born from a mother’s womb; and the words mother and father aren’t used in this world. One egg is divided eight then into ninety-six to even the society out. To not face racism, skin tone difference and stereotypes, but in Utopia that’s eliminated from society. Everyone belongs to everyone else, meaning there’s no relationship or marriage at all. A lot of sex and drugs happen in the book and the people all believe in the same god â€Å"Henry Ford†. The citizensShow MoreRelatedA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley668 Words   |  3 PagesIn Brave New World, there are similarities that have a deeper meaning that we can understand. There are personal effects in Aldous H uxley life that contribute to what he has written in the book. Aldous Huxley throughout his life have seen, done, and events have happened to him, just like all of us, but he has expressed it in his book. So when Aldous wrote the he had so many ideas. I have read the book; it’s notRead MoreBrave New World by Aldous Huxley811 Words   |  3 Pages Brave New World is based around characters who gave up the right of freedom for happiness; characters who ignored the truth so that they could live in a utopian civilization. The deceiving happiness was a constant reminder throughout the book. Almost every character in Brave New World did whatever they could to avoid facing the truth about their own situations. In this society, happiness is not compatible with the truth because the World State believes that happiness was at the expense of theRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1525 Words   |  7 PagesA Brave New Feminist The novel Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley in 1932 is known for its social satire, utopian values, and unusual standpoints on stereotypical gender roles. In this time where futuristic technology has completely taken over, and men and women are given the same opportunities for everything, â€Å"the genders appear equal within the social order; both men and women work at the same jobs, have equal choice in sexual partners, and participate in the same leisure pursuits† (MarchRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley664 Words   |  3 Pagesfor the fact being in the future and in the past time has changed and many differences were made. In his Dystopian Society Huxley portrays masses of niches where the government produces clones for specific reasons. Huxley decides throughout Brave New World that cloning humans is unethical. He then becomes in contact with the society’s most powerful Alphas and Betas clones. Huxley suggest in BNW that lower class groups in clo ning humans to act like servants to terrorize them into working hard conditionsRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1189 Words   |  5 Pages In the world of sex, drugs, and baby cloning you are going to be in many situations where you feel like the world we live in should be different. In the story Brave New World, they had sex with multiple partners along with a very bad use of drugs. It is weird that Aldous Huxley wrote this book in 1931 about the world he was living in during that time and how it is similar to the world we live in today. Nowadays, drugs are still being used and people are still engaging in sexual encounters withRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley968 Words   |  4 PagesAldous Huxley’s utopia in Brave New World foreshadowed and illuminated the complications within modern day society. Upon its release, the narrative became widely banned all over the United States due to the unorthodox thoughts and actions of multiple characters in it. Early readers, as well as modern day audiences, feared and rejected the ideals that Huxley incorporated into his perfect society; however, our society today is heading towards the dark paths the older generations desired to avoid. Read MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley895 Words   |  4 Pagesthe novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley tells of a society where everyone is the same but, compared to t oday’s society, everything is different. Huxley tells of a world where everything that happens or takes place is because of one’s own desire and nothing more. The hero in the novel, a â€Å"savage† named John, is Huxley’s main focal point. It is through his eyes and mind that the reader sees what’s going on. Now when I read this novel, I began to think, â€Å"Could this perfect, conformed world actuallyRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1684 Words   |  7 Pagesimperfect world and is usually only a hopeful dream. These types of worlds can greatly be described in detail through the world of science fiction. Aldous Huxley was an English writer who lived during a time when war and chaos were engulfing the world. His works reflect his view and thoughts on a dystopia, which is a false utopia, and describes what could occur in possible governments of the world. The ability to understand and dive into the thoughts of the author is what make s world literatureRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley614 Words   |  2 Pagesthem truly happy. What if someone were to tell you that what you thought was true happiness was all an illusion. In a Brave New World by Aldous Huxley people in the world state are conditioned and drugged up by soma to not experience true happiness. In a world that is perfect, human beings do not have to depend on drugs to keep our world in balance. In a Brave New World by Aldous Huxley there is always a perfect drug called soma that keeps everyone happy, which they have based their society on. ThisRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley948 Words   |  4 PagesWelcome to a world were â€Å"Brave† is not just a word; It has a true meaning. This is a story were everything as you know it, doesn’t seem to be right and will completely change your way of thinking. When this story was written, life was very harsh for many people†¦.Mostly for the author who wrote â€Å"Brave New World† During this time (1930s) they didn’t have much sexual content Living The Future Of The Past In The Present†¦.. In the air; But Aldous made a future full of sex for them and we are the

ICT A case of Knowledge and Critical Thinking

Questions: 1. Briefly describe the business processes supported by a Supply Chain Management (SCM) information system. In a global business like Emerson what are the advantages and disadvantages of using a SCM information system? With Emersons many divisions using different suppliers, what would be the benefits of using a single SCM information system for all of its divisions? 2. Global companies like Emerson have suppliers, manufacturing, distribution, and retail operations. List and briefly describe the technologies and devices (used for input, output, and communication) that are used with SCM information systems. Choose two different input devices and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. Discuss the benefits that they provide to the business? 3. Consider that you have to implement a new SCM information system for Emerson. Describe each of the different implementation options. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different implementation options. Make a recommendation and justify? 4. Modern SCM information systems and with the use of other technologies have supported businesses in improving environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions. Research and find an example. Briefly describe the system and how it works and how carbon emissions where reduced. Discuss what decision making is performed and how does the SCM information system contribute to the decision making. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to the business? Answers: 1. Before understanding the various business processes supported by a supply chain management, it is important to understand the concept of SCM. Supply chain can be defined as interlinked set of business procedures and business providers, through which flow of goods and information related to it is managed, initiating from point of design till the delivery of the product or service to the end consumer. A simplistic view of supply chain management is displayed below: Figure 1: Overview of SCM In this context, there are several business processes which are supported by a SCM (Handfield Nichols, 2009). This can be understood by example of Emerson case study as well. It can be clearly understood from the case study, that following business processes are supported: Sales Production Logistics Purchasing Above mentioned are the core processes which supports the SCM. A hierarchy of the business processes in a company like Emerson has been displayed below: Figure 2: Business process hierarchy Hence, from above diagram it can be understood, that how several business processes and their sub-processes supports the SCM (Bowersox et al, 2002). In a global business like Emerson, use of supply chain information system has its own share of advantages as well as disadvantages as follows: Advantages Use of SCM information system can help company like Emerson to generate and analyse information related to demand, supply, inventory and shipment and other aspects in real time. SCM information system helps in increasing the manufacturing throughput or in other words, productions at all levels of organisation. Through use of SCM information system, organisations can generate better return on assets. Internet based SCM, take the advantage a step further, as it helps in connecting all the suppliers and other related entities through a common link over information network. SCM information helps in improving the responsiveness and efficiency of the business. Disadvantages Inability to implement the SCM information system can rapidly increase the cost of implementation, further increasing the operational cost of the business. There can be issues such as increase in the lead time in the procurement processes, as in many cases real time update of inventory can trigger this situation, between supplier and the buyer. Implementation of SCM information system can be capital intensive for the business, as it might require assigning human, financial, and material resources to fulfil the requirements of SCM in the business. Considering the case, where different divisions in Emerson, are coordinating with different suppliers to fulfil their requirement, in such case, single SCM information system can be of tremendous benefit (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2004, pp.269-295). Firstly, it will enable to provide a consolidate view of entire supply chain management within organisation. Hence, instead of segregated view through the supply chain, Emerson can have better control over its supply chain, and will enable it manage its relationship with suppliers in a better way. SCM information system will also enable Emerson to save operational cost which it used to spend due to breakup of supply chain at multiple levels, leading to operational inefficiency, redundancies and delay in supplies and procurement of materials required for manufacturing. 2. Technology has played major role in improving the efficiency and productivity of existing organisations. In this regard SCM information systems has played major role, especially for organisations in manufacturing segment. An integrated supply chain model is displayed below: Figure 3: Integrated supply chain model In a supply chain model there are various input as well as output channels from where there is in-flow and out-flow of information which takes place continuously. This information can be related to scenarios such as, punching in of a purchase order, generation of PO, PO being extracted by supplier, and then supplying the requested material to the supplier, resulting into update of the inventory (Lee et al, 2004, pp.1875-1886). In order to facilitate such processes in a SCM information system, there are various technologies and devices which are used such as: EDI (electronic data interchange): This has been mentioned in the case study of Emerson as well. EDI as a technology enables transactions and information exchanges in a supply chain information system. EDI is defined as computer to computer exchange of structured data which enables automatic processing of information (Thomas Griffin, 1996, pp.1-15). Bar Coding and scanner: Bar codes can be defined as representation of a number or code in a format which can be read by a machine like bar code scanner. Every bar code helps in encapsulating various information about the item. Bar codes are generally used across the supply chain to identify and track goods (Stock Lambert, 2001). Inventory management systems: These information systems, enable end-to-end management of the information related to inventory. Such systems basically work in a circular process, which includes stages such as purchase tracking, inventory monitoring, and re-ordering (Cooper Ellram, 1993, pp.13-24). Transportation management systems: This information system mainly helps in providing visibility to the supplier and the buyer about the shipments and the orders. Such systems also helps in scheduling related issues (Cooper et al, 1997, pp. 1-14). Two different input devices are: Bar coding and scanner: Bar codes as discussed in above section specifies name of the product along with other information such as manufacturer etc. its advantages are: It eliminates human error which might happen due to incorrect information input in database. Reduces training time for the employee, as barcode scanner is a handheld or desktop devices which hardly requires any special training to be used. Inventory control improves, as barcodes helps in precise tracking of inventory. Promotes better decision making, as data is obtained rapidly and accurately. Speech recognition: Speech recognition is another popular and upcoming way of hands-free data entry in a supply chain operations. Unlike other devices which required keying in data, speech recognition provides the individual at any point in SCM to input the data based on voice, which has enabled in saving lot of efforts and time for organisations. Advantages of such input technology is: Speech recognition based data entry eliminates any possible case of human error due entering due to typing issue. Such technology, helps in boosting the overall productivity of the employee as he can perform other tasks in parallel as well. Can be beneficial for disabled person who are present in the supply chain operations. Input devices provide numerous benefits to the business like Emerson. Firstly, it helps in automation of the input process in the supply chain operations, hence reducing the margin of error which might come up due to incorrect information. Secondly, such devices helps in better monitoring and tracking of the inventory, as all the information related to inventory is updated within seconds and real time, which might not be possible in case of manual process (Lambert Cooper, 2000, pp.65-83). 3. In order to implement a SCM information system, there can be various approaches which can selected for Emerson. However before selection of an approach it is important to focus on following aspects associated with the organisation: Size of the organisation Geographical spread of the organisation Number of people who are expected to use the system Timeline by which the system is expected to be live for use There are two possible approach are: Big bang approach: under which complete organisation will be covered for the rollout of the SCM information system. Hence each and every location where Emerson has its operations will be covered, and there will be a global rollout of the entire SCM information system. Phased approach: Under this approach of implementation. Instead of going for a global rollout of SCM information system, focus will be on rollout in a phased approach. Which means, that either few specific locations can be selected where SCM information system will be rolled out, followed by other locations. After analysis of the two possible implementation approach for SCM information system, it can be said that Emerson as an organisation is spread across globe with complex business process in the organisation facilitating day-to-day transactions (Holland, 2005, pp. 117-133). Also there are thousands of users spread across globe who will be potential users of the proposed SCM information system. In such circumstances, it is logical to opt for phased implementation of the SCM information system. Reason behind opting for phased approach is, that this approach will enable implementation of SCM information system in a controlled manner. Secondly, this approach will allow management to observe and analyse the benefits of first phase of implementation. If some further improvement is required then it can be done, before moving towards the next phase of implementation. This approach will also enable the business to evaluate the overall performance of the SCM information system, and map the exis ting business process with the proposed SCM information system in a seamless manner. Phased approach will allow Emerson management to identify the core business areas where they first want to implement the system, before moving on to other business areas. This pre-planning, understanding of current business processes, identification of gaps and designing of to be processes can be achieved in an efficient manner only through a phased approach, as phased approach will give enough bandwidth to analyse each business process and understand the required outcome expected from the proposed SCM information system. Overall, it can be said that as an organisation Emerson is not suited well for big-bang approach, especially due to scale of operations it has, and number of geographical regions it exists. In such situation, Emerson should opt for a phased implementation of the SCM information system. 4. Modern supply chain management information systems have created far reaching impact on the environment sustainability mainly by reducing the carbon emission drastically at various levels of supply chain. Supply chain are critical links that connects an organisations input to its output. Traditionally, supply chain management has focused on aspects such as just in time delivery, cost reduction, inventory control etc. However over a period of time, role of SCM has become important in environment sustainability, especially its role in increase of carbon emission. The supply chain can be characterised as the production of raw materials, their transfer to and through various processing steps, and finally the final product shipping and receiving. Each step requires a review of combustion/energy emissions, waste disposal emissions, transportation energy costs and emissions, and packaging related emissions. With use of SCM information system this entire lifecycle of procuring material for production and shipping it back has reduced to a large level. This can be understood by example of Emerson as well, which combined the shipments from various suppliers through one container. In such situation it becomes obvious that fuel combustion and carbon emission in a case where two different ships would have carried supply from suppliers would have been much higher as compared to a situation, where a consolidated shipment is being sent, resulting into reduction of carbon emission and improving overall environment sustainability. This has been possible due t o SCM information system, because it has allowed business organisations like Emerson to consolidate its supply chain business processes in a single view, where the organisation has tight control over its inventory, and material being procured from different suppliers. In a way it can be said that SCM information system has helped the organisation by improving the view of overall supply chain, resulting in much better coordination with suppliers, which could not have been possible with traditional way of handling the supply chain. References Handfield, R. B., Nichols, E. L. 2009. Introduction to supply chain management (Vol. 183). Upper Saddle River, NJ: prentice Hall. Bowersox, D. J., Closs, D. J., Cooper, M. B. 2002. Supply chain logistics management (Vol. 2). New York: McGraw-Hill. Gunasekaran, A., Ngai, E. W. 2004. Information systems in supply chain integration and management. European Journal of Operational Research, 159(2), 269-295. Lee, H. L., Padmanabhan, V., Whang, S. 2004. Information distortion in a supply chain: the bullwhip effect. Management science, 50(12_supplement), 1875-1886. Thomas, D. J., Griffin, P. M. 1996. Coordinated supply chain management. European journal of operational research, 94(1), 1-15. Stock, J. R., Lambert, D. M. 2001. Strategic logistics management. Cooper, M. C., Ellram, L. M. 1993. Characteristics of supply chain management and the implications for purchasing and logistics strategy. International Journal of Logistics Management, The, 4(2), 13-24. Cooper, M. C., Lambert, D. M., Pagh, J. D. 1997. Supply chain management: more than a new name for logistics. International Journal of Logistics Management, The, 8(1), 1-14. Lambert, D. M., Cooper, M. C. 2000. Issues in supply chain management. Industrial marketing management, 29(1), 65-83. Holland, C. P. 2005. Cooperative supply chain management: the impact of interorganizational information systems. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 4(2), 117-133